Valve-gear



.F. WJHAGAR.

L t e e h 4 s t e e h S 4 (No'ModeL) VALVE GEAR.

Patented 0011.16, 1894.

ATTORNEYS.

WITNESSES.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2. F.W.HAGAR. VALVE GEAR.

Patented Oct. 16, 1894 INVENTOR WITNESSES.

A TTOFINEYS.

THE N mus FEYERS co, PHOTO LITNO., WASHINGTO 4 Sheets-Sheet; 3.

(No Model.)

' P. W. HA GAR.-

VALVE GEAR. N0.5Z 7,691. Patented'oct. 16,1894.

" ATTORNEYS.

WITNESSES.-

4 Sheets- Sheet 4.

(No Model) F.W.HAGAR.P VALVE GEAR. No. 527,691. PatentedOot. 16,1894.

I i-l WITNESSES:

A TTOBNE Y8.

NITED f STATES "PATENT OFFICE.

:VALVE-GEAR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 527,691, dated October1.6, 1894.

Application filed April 24, 1 894. that... 508,193. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.- 7

Be it known that I, FRANKLIN WOOD HA- GAR, of Nashville,'in the countyof Davidson and State of Tennessee, have invented a new and ImprovedValve-Gear for Steam-Engines, of which the following is a full, clear,and ex- Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming apart of this specification, in which similar letters of referenceindicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the improvej ment. Fig. 2 is aplan viewof the same. Fig. 3 is an enlarged rear side elevation of part of theimprovement. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 5 is a transversesection of the same on the lines 5-5 of Figs. 3 and 6. Fig. 6 is alongitudinal section of the same. Fig. 7 is a transverse sect-ion of thesame, on the line 77 of Fig. 6. Fig. Sis a rear sectional side elevationof the same on the line 8- 8 of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a similar view of thesame, on the line 9-9 of Fig. 7. Fig. 10 is a rear elevation of thevalve-controlling mechanism with parts in a difierent position from thatshown in'Fig. 8. Fig 11 is a rear enlarged sectional side elevation ofthe main driving shaft, and the means for imparting motion to the valverods. Fig. 12 is a transverse section of the same; and Fig. 13 is a planview of the same.

The engine on which the improvement is applied is provided with theusual frame A, on one end of which is secured the cylinder B, in whichreciprocates the piston B, having a piston rod B connected with a crosshead B connected by the, pltman B with the crank arm B on the maindriving shaft 0, journaled in suitable bearings on the frame A. In thecylinder B are arranged the ports a and b, located near the ends of thecylinder and leading into valve chambers D and 1), containing theoscillating valves E and E, respectively, arranged in such amanner asto, at all times, keep the said ports a and bopen.v H Into the valvechambers D and D open the conical valve seats 0 and d, respectively,leading to channels e and e, respectively, arranged in a chest F,forming part of the cylinder B and located on the top thereof,'asplainly shown in the drawings. The channels e and 6 connect with thesteam supply pipe G leading to a boiler or other source of steam.

supply, so that live steam can pass from the said pipe G into thechannels e and e and alternately through the valve seats a and d,

respectively, into the valve chambers D and D respectively, and from thesame through the ports a and b into the opposite ends of so as toreciprocate the same, as hereinafter more fully described.

The valve seats 0 and d are .adapted to be alternately closed and openedby puppet valves Hand H,respectively, so that live steam passesalternately through the ends of the cylinderB, as before mentioned.See-Fig.

6." The valve chambers D and D also connect with the exhaust ports f andf respectively, leading to the exhaust pipe G the said exhaust portsbeing controlled-by the valvesE and E, respectively, so as toalternately open and close the said portsf and f to the valve chambers Dand D, and consequently to the ports a and b, which are at all timesopen, and lead to the cylinder.

The valves E and E receive an oscillating IllOtiOIIfIOlll the maindriving shaft 0, and

for this purpose the following device is provided: The valve stems E andE of the said oscillating valves E and E carry the crank arms E and Erespectively, (seeFigs. 3 and 4) connected by links E and Erespectively,

'with arms I and 1 respectively, extending in opposite directions fromthe 'rockinglever' I having its fulcrum shaft 1 journaled in suitablebearings'arranged over the chest F.

From the rocking lever 1, extends transversely a pin 1 adapted to beengaged by either of the forked ends J and J? of the valve link J,pivotally connected with a valve rod J 3 extending longitudinally asplainly shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and pivotally conthe cylinder B to acton the piston B therein,

too

nected at its outer end with an arm K form ing a rigid part of an openframeK hung on links K fulcrumed on the main frame A. The open frame Kis adapted to be engaged by a cam K secured on the main driving shaft(see Figs.11,12 and 13), so thaton the rotating of the shaft (J, aforward and backward sliding motion is given to the said frame K, toimpart a forward and back ward movement to the connected valve rod J 3and valve link J, whereby the latter imparts a rocking motion to theleverI and by the links E and E and crank arms E and E to theoscillating valves E and E in the valve chambers D and D, to alternatelyopen and close the exhaust portsfand f. Thus, when the several parts arein the position as shown in the drawings, then the puppet valve H isopen (see Fig. 6), and the other puppet valve H is closed, while thevalve E closes the exhaust port f and the other valve E establishesconnection between the valve chamber D and the port f. Now, live steamfrom the supply pipe Gcan pass through the channel e, the open valveseat 0, into the valve chamber D, and from the latter through the port ainto the outer end of the cylinder B, to exert its pressure against thepiston 13 to send the latter on its inward stroke. The exhaust steam infront of the piston B now passes through the port 12 into the valvechamber D and then into the exhaust port f and to the exhaust pipe G tothe outer air. When the piston B nears the end ofits inward stroke, thenthe position of the valves E, E and H, H, is reversed; that is, thevalve H closes the seat 0 to shut off the supply of live steam to thisend of the cylinder, and the oscillating valve E opens the exhaust portf to establish connection between the ports a and f. The other puppetvalve H opens to establish communication between the channels e, theseat 62, the valve chamber D and the port I), to permit the live steamto pass to this end of the cylinder. The valve E at that time, closesthe exhaust port f so that the live steam enters the inner end of thecylinder to act on the piston B and to send the same on its outwardstroke. When the piston B nears the end of its outward stroke, then thevalves again reverse to assume the position shown in Fig. 6, and. theabove described operation is again repeated.

Now, in order to properly manipulate the puppet valves H and H, thefollowing device is provided: The valve stems H. and H of the saidpuppet valves H and H, respectively, extend upwardly and pass throughsuitable stuffing boxes arranged on the chest F, as plainly shown inFig. 6. The outer ends of the said valve stems H and H are pivotallyconnected with levers H and H respectively, extending in oppositedirections and fulcrumed at their outer ends in suitable bracketssupported from the chest F. The inner ends of the said levers H and Hcarry cam heads H and H respectively, adapted to be engaged by the camarms L and L respectively, of a cam L, mounted to turn loosely, at itsmiddle, on the fulcrum shaft I for the rocking lever I. In order to holdthe cam heads H and H in contact with the cam arms L and L at all times,I provide the springs H and H respectively, attached at their lower endsto the chest F and at their upper ends to the said levers H and H Thecam L is pivotally connected at its arms by links L and L with a rockingarm L secured on a transversely-extending shaft L journaled at one endin a bearing formed in an arm I fastened to the fulcrum shaft 1*, asplainly shown in Fig. 9. The rear end of the said shaft L is journaledin suitable bearings in the rocking arm I, so that the said shaft L onthe rocking of the rocking lever I is moved bodily forward and backward,and at the same time is free to turn in its bearings in the said rockingarm I, and the other arm 1 likewise secured on the shaft 1 The extremerear end of the shaft L carries a crank arm L (see Fig. 10) having itswrist pin L projecting into a longitudinally-extending slot N formed ina valve link N extending longitudinally, and pivotally connected with avalve rod N (See Figs. 1, 2, ll, 12 and 13.) The outer end of this valverod N is pivotally connected with the arm N of a bell crank lever Nfulcrumed at N onthe main frameA near the main driving shaft (3, asillustrated in Fig. 11. The other arm N of the said bell crank lever Nis provided with a transversely-extending pin N engaging alongitudina'lly-extendin g slot 0 formed in a frame 0 fitted to slidevertically in suitable bearings K arranged on the open frame K, and thisframe 0 is adapted to be moved up and down by the cam K which imparts aforward and backward swinging motion to the frame K, as previouslydescribed. Thus, the single cam K actuates both frames K and O, and therods and links connected therewith, to manipulate the oscillating valvesE, E, and the puppet valves H and H, respectively. The wrist pin L onthe crank arm L also projects forwardly (see Figs. 7 and 8) to extendinto an open arm P formed with the aligned recesses or slots P and Pthrough the former of which extends the shaft L and through the other Pthe crank pin 1 of the lever I. The open arm P is also provided with thecurved side arms P and P for the purpose of shifting the position of thewrist pin L as hereinafter more fully described.

Now, it will be seen that when'a forward and backward swinging motion isgiven tothe frame K, by, the cam K then theother frame 0 is at astandstill and when the latter frame 0 receives an up and down swingingmotion from the said cam K then the frame K is at a standstill. When thecrank arm B of the main driving shaft'O is in the position shown inFigs. 1 and 2, then the frame Ois in an uppermost position,asillustrated in Figs. 11 and 13, and the frame K is in its rear oroutermost position, as indicated in'the said figures. When these severalparts are in the position described, then the valves E, E and H, H, arein the position shown in Fig. 6', so that live steam passes to the outerend of the cylinder B, as previously described, to actuate the piston asbefore stated. Now, on the turning of the crank arm B in a forwarddirection owing to the impulse given the piston B, the cam K acts on theframeO so as to cause the latter to slide downward in the nowtemporarily stationary frame K, whereby the bell crank lever N receivesa swinging motion and a pull is given to the rod N andlink N, wherebythe slotted end of the link travels loosely along the pin I until thelatter reaches the end of the slot N and then on the further pulling ofthe said link N, a swinging motion is given to the crank arm L to turnthe shaft L which, by the arm L and links L L imparts a swinging motionto the cam L, so that the cam heads H and H are actuated; that is, thelever H is raised, the lever H is pulled downward by the action of itssprings H so that the puppet valve H closes, whilethe other lever H iscaused to swing upward to open the puppet valve H. At this time thepiston B is nearing the end of its innermost stroke, and the cam K nowacts on the frame K to swing the latter forward, whereby the rod J 3 andthe link J are pushed so as to impart a rocking motion to the rockinglever I, to shift the oscillating valves E and E insuch a man nor thatthe port f is uncovered and the port 5 f is closed for the purposepreviously described. Live steam now passes through the port 1) into theinner end of the cylinder to force the piston B outward, while the steamin the front of the said piston exhausts through the port a, valvechamber D, port f, and exhaust pipe G, to the outer air.

By the arrangement described positive motion is given to the valves E,E, and puppet valves H, H, to control the inlet and exhaust of the steamin the manner described, the said valves being all contained in asinglev chest F having steam and exhaust ports and channels, asdescribed.

When the arm P is pushed up against its stop it holds thepin L in thecenter line of the shaft L to allow the puppet valve to work full strokewith the link J. (See Fig. 8.) When the arm P is pushed down against itsstop then the curved side arms P and 1 should not come in contact withthe pin L but be under the complete control of the link 1 (see Fig. 10)to produce a cut-off by the auxiliary movement of the link 1?. The linkJ, when raised to the shaft' L", reverses the valve motion, that is,opposite from what it. is on the lower pin 1, and in either case therocker arm I works full stroke. It is understood that each link isgoverned by different mechanism for shifting from one position toanother. When the engine is reversed then it cuts off in the same manneras above described. The link J is thrown in either of its two positionsby any suitable mechanism, not shown in the drawings, and the said cut-OH is very prompt, yet the movement is of such a nature that it easilyseats the valves, requiring therefore no dash pots or cushions toprevent slamming or knocking of the valves.

It is understood that a'compound motion is given to the top shaft L fromthe lever I, and the crank arm L connected by the link N and rod N withthe crank lever L controlled from the frame 0. The valves E and E forthe exhaust are of the'Oorliss type and they diminish the clearance toabout two and one:half per cent. of the cubic contents of the cylinderB, while the stroke is four times the diameter of the cylinder. By thisarrangement of valves the most perfect distribution of the lubricant isobtained.

The'engine cuts off at half stroke but the cut-ofi is not adjustable andis not desirable, as engines are easily worked to full-stroke'in orderto obtain the maximum power, and on application of the indicator usuallythe fact is revealed that the exhaust port is entirely too small tohandle the enormous terminal pressure, and the back pressure neutralizesall the gain of power due to a late cut ofi, while the exhaust portwould be ample for cutting off at half stroke.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent- 1. A valve gear for steam engines, comprisinga cylinder having ports at its ends open at all times, a chestcontaining valve chambers into which open the said ports, the saidchests also containing exhaust ports leading from the said chambers andinlet channels for the live steam leading to valve seats opening intothe said valve chambers, oscillating valves in the said valve chambers,puppet valves in the said seats, and means, substantially as described,for actuating the said oscillating valves and the said puppet valves inthe manner set forth.

2. A valve gear for steam engines, comprising a rockinglever for theoscillating exhaust valves, and a rocking shaft journaled in the saidfirst named rocking lever, and having an independent turning motion tocontrol the puppet valves for the admission of steam,

substantially as shown and described.

3. A valve gear for steam engines, comprising a rocking lever for theoscillating exhaust with the said exhaust valves, a rocking shaftjournaled in the said rocking lever, and a connection between the saidrocking lever and the said puppet valves to actuate the latter,substantially as shown and described.

5. Avalve gear for steam engines, comprising puppet valves fortheadmission of the live steam, oscillating exhaust valves for controllingthe exhaust, a rocking lever connected with the said exhaust valve, arocking shaft journaled in the said rocking lever, and a connectionbetween the said rocking lever and the said puppetvalves to actuate thelatter, avalve link for the said rocking lever and operated from themain driving shaft and adapted to engage either a pin on the rockinglever or the said shaft, and a second valve link likewise operated fromthe main driving shaft and connected with a crank arm on the said shaft,substantially as shown and described. 6. In a valve gear for steamengines, the combination with a cam on the main driving shaft, of aframe mounted to swing forward and backward and actuated by the saidcam, the said frame being connected with the 0scillating exhaust valves,and a second frame mounted to slide vertically in the said swingingframe, and likewise operated from the said cam, the said second framebeing con nected with puppet valves for controlling the live steam tothe cylinder, substantially as shown and described.

FRANK. WOOD I-IAGAR. \Vitnesses:

W. J. WADE, J r., J. F. KRIEG.

